The atom, proton, neutron and electron.
Course
Chemistry
Videos on chemistry (roughly covering a first-year high school or college course).
100 Lectures
-
-
An introduction to orbitals.
-
More intuition on orbitals. Touching on electron configuration.
-
Introduction to using the periodic table to determine electron configuration.
-
Figuring out configurations for the d-block elements.
-
Looking at valence electrons to figure out reactivity.
-
Properties of alkali, alkaline earth and transition metals. Halogens and noble gases.
-
What an ion is. Using the periodic table to understand how difficult it is to ionize an atom.
-
Electronegativity, metallic nature and atomic radius.
-
Introduction to ionic, covalent, polar covalent and metallic bonds.
-
Introduction to molecular and empirical formulas. Calculating molecular mass.
-
Introduction to the idea of a mole as a number (vs. an animal).
-
Figuring out the empirical formula from a molecules mass composition.
-
Another exercise converting a mass composition to an empirical formula.
-
The art of balancing equations in chemistry!
-
Introduction to stoichiometry.
-
Stoichiometry problem where we have a limiting reagent!
-
Intuition behind the ideal gas equation: PV=nRT.
-
Figuring out the number of moles of gas we have using the ideal gas equation: PV=nRT.
-
PV/T is a constant. Figuring out the volume of an ideal gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP).
-
Figuring out the mass of Oxygen we have.
-
Figuring out the molar mass of a mystery molecule at STP.
-
Figuring out the partial pressures of various gases in a container.
-
Introduction to the states or phases of matter.
-
More on Plasma and Hydrogen bonds.
-
Specifict heat and phase changes: Calculating how much heat is needed to convert 200g of ice at -10C to 110 degree steam.
-
How much ice at -10 degrees C is necessary to get 500g of water down to 0 degrees C?
-
Van Der Waals Forces: London Dispersion Forces, Dipole Attractions, and Hydrogen Bonds.
-
Covalent Networks, Metallic, and Ionic Crystals: Some of the strongest molecular structures.
-
Vapor Pressure, Volatility, and Evaporation.
-
Suspensions, Colloids and Solutions. The difference between Molarity and Molality.
-
Solubility of salt and gas solutes in liquid solvent.
-
Raising or lowering the boiling or freezing point of a solution by adding solute.
-
Kinetics, activation energy, activated complex and catalysts.
-
Equilibrium reactions and constants.
-
Correcting a mistake and learning a bit about ion size.
-
A probabilistic look at how molecules react to develop the intuition behind the equilibrium constant formula.
-
A more concrete attempt at showing how the probabilities of molecules reacting is related to their concentration.
-
Ignoring the solution or the solid state molecules when calculating the equilibrium constant.
-
Le Chatelier's Principle regarding the "stressing" of reactions in equilibrium.
-
Autoionization of water into hydronium and hydroxide ions. pH, pOH, and pKa.
-
Arrhenius, Bronsted Lowry, and Lewis Acids and Bases.
-
Calculating the pH or pOH of strong acids and bases.
-
Calculating the pH of a weak acid.
-
pH of .2 M of NH3 (weak base).
-
Introduction to conjugate acids and bases.
-
The pKa and pKb relationship between conjugate acids and bases (both of which are weak).
-
Buffers and the Hendersen-Hasselbalch equation.
-
Strong acid titration and equivalence point.
-
Equivalence point when titrating a weak acid.
-
Figuring out the pKa of an unknown weak acid from the half equivalence point.
-
Making sure you fully understand titration curves.
-
Oxidation and reduction. Oxidation states.
-
Correcting an error in the last video regarding hydrogen peroxide.
-
Oxidation reduction (or redox) reactions.
-
Redox reactions to drive Galvanic Cells.
-
Alpha, Beta, Gamma Decay and Positron Emission.
-
Introduction to half-life.
-
Showing that N(t)=Ne^(-kt) describes the amount of a radioactive substance we have at time T. For students with background in Calculus. Not necessary for intro chemistry class.
-
Introduction to Exponential Decay.
-
A few more examples of exponential decay.
-
The difference between macrostates and microstates. Thermodynamic equilibrium.
-
Using theoretically quasi-static and/or reversible processes to stay pretty much at equilibrium.
-
First law of thermodynamic and Internal Energy.
-
Getting more intuition of internal energy, heat, and work.
-
How a system can do work by expanding.
-
Why work from expansion is the area under the curve of a PV-diagram.
-
Conceptual proof that the internal energy of an ideal gas system is 3/2 PV.
-
Isothermic and Adiabatic processes. Calculating the work done by an isothermic process. Seeing that it is the same as the heat added.
-
Introduction to the Carnot Cycle and Carnot Heat Engine.
-
Proof of the volume ratios in a Carnot Cycle.
-
Prroof that S (or entropy) is a valid state variable.
-
Clarifying that the thermodynamic definition of Entropy requires a reversible system.
-
Long video explaining why entropy is a measure of the number of states a system can take on (mathy, but mind-blowing).
-
A discussion of what entropy is and what it isn't.
-
Maxwell's Demon: A thought experiment that seems to defy the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.
-
More clarification as to what entropy is and what entropy is not.
-
Definition of efficiency for a heat engine. Efficiency of a Carnot Engine.
-
Seeing how we can scale and or reverse a Carnot Engine (to make a refrigerator).
-
Proving that a Carnot Engine is the most efficient engine.
-
Standard heat of formation or standard enthalpy change of formation.
-
Using Hess's Law and standard heats of formation to determine the enthalpy change for reactions.
-
Intuition behind why spontaneity is driven by enthalpy, entropy and temperature. Introduction to Gibbs free energy.
-
Determining if a reaction is spontaneous by calculating the change in Gibbs Free Energy.
-
More formal understanding of why a negative change in Gibbs Free Energy implies a spontaneous, irreversible reaction.
-
A look at why the "proof" of the relation between changes in Gibbs Free Energy and Spontaneity is wrong in many textbooks.
-
Figuring grams of reactants and product produced from reaction of phosphorous and chlorine.
-
Stoichiometry Example Problem 2.
-
Limiting Reactant Example Problem 1.
-
Empirical and Molecular Formulas from Stoichiometry.
-
Example of Finding Reactant Empirical Formula.
-
Stoichiometry of a Reaction in Solution.
-
Another Stoichiometry Example in a Solution.
-
Molecular and Empirical Forumlas from Percent Composition. Example 2.9 from Kotz Chemistry book.
-
Using acid-base titration to find mass of oxalic acid.
-
Spectrophotometry, Transmittance, Absorbance and the Beer-Lambert Law.
-
Spectrophotometry Example - Determining concentration based on absorbance.
-
Hess's Law Example.
-
Vapor pressure example using the Ideal Gas Law.
-
Specific Heat Capacity and Enthalpy of Vaporization example.