MIT / Chemistry

Covalent Bonding, Lewis Structures, and Hybridization

By Donald R. Sadoway | Introduction to Solid State Chemistry Lecture 8 of 33

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Lecture Description

Course Description

This course explores the basic principles of chemistry and their application to engineering systems. It deals with the relationship between electronic structure, chemical bonding, and atomic order. It also investigates the characterization of atomic arrangements in crystalline and amorphous solids: metals, ceramics, semiconductors, and polymers (including proteins). Topics covered include organic chemistry, solution chemistry, acid-base equilibria, electrochemistry, biochemistry, chemical kinetics, diffusion, and phase diagrams. Examples are drawn from industrial practice (including the environmental impact of chemical processes), from energy generation and storage, e.g., batteries and fuel cells, and from emerging technologies, e.g., photonic and biomedical devices.

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Transcript   |  Lecture Slides

Course Index

  1. Introduction to Solid State Chemistry
  2. Classification Schemes for the Elements
  3. Rutherford Modle of the Atom and Bohr Model of Hydrogen
  4. Atomic Spectra of Hydrogen and Matter/Energy Interactions Involving Atomic Hydrogen
  5. The Shell Model and Multi-electron Atoms
  6. De Broglie, Heisenberg, and Schrödinger
  7. Octet Stability by Electron Transfer: Ionic Bonding
  8. Covalent Bonding, Lewis Structures, and Hybridization
  9. Electronegativity, Partial Charge, Polar Bonds and Polar Molecules
  10. Hybridization, Double Bonds and Triple Bonds, Paramagnetism and Diamagetism
  11. The Shapes of Molecules, Electron Domain Theory, and Secondary Bonding
  12. Metallic Bonding, Band Theory of Solids, Band Gaps
  13. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors, Doping, Compound Semiconductors, and Molten Semiconductors
  14. Introduction to the Solid State, the 7 Crystal Systems, and the 14 Bravais Lattices
  15. Properties of Cubic Crystals
  16. Characterization of Atomic Structure: The Generation of X-rays and Moseley's Law
  17. X-ray Spectra and Bragg's Law
  18. X-ray Diffraction of Crystals
  19. Defects in Crystals: Point Defects, Line Defects, Interfacial Defects, and Voids
  20. Amorphous Solids, Glass Formation, and Inorganic Glasses
  21. Engineered Glasses: Network Formers, Network Modifiers, and Intermediates
  22. Chemical Kinetics: The Rate Equation, Order of Reaction, Rate Laws
  23. Diffusion: Fick's First Law and Steady-state Diffusion
  24. Fick's Second Law (FSL) and Transient-state Diffusion
  25. Solutions: Solute, Solvent, Solution, Solubility Rules, and Solubility Product
  26. Acids and Bases: Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis Definitions, Acid Strength and pH
  27. Organic Chemistry: Basic Concepts
  28. Organic Glasses (Polymers): Synthesis by Addition Polymerization and by Condensation Polymerization
  29. Structure-property Relationships in Polymers and Crystalline Polymers
  30. Biochemistry: The Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
  31. Phase Diagrams
  32. Two-component Phase Diagrams: Limited Solid Solubility
  33. Wrap-up
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