Electrical engineers play a role in creating the products individuals use in their everyday lives. From entertainment to the appliances we use to cook, clean and run our lives, an electrical engineer was likely involved. These professionals can be involved in several stages, product design and development to testing, and later, in the manufacturing process for electrical and electronic equipment.
At the design stage, electrical engineers spend time researching how electricity will work to power a new product or device. They try to figure out how to best design the power supply and how that power supply will work within the new product. They create prototypes, test them out, and then make any necessary changes before moving into full production.
These stages can be rather complex. Electrical engineers must have an understanding of the properties of electricity, of physics and, then, how to apply engineering knowhow when creating new items. These professionals must have, at a minimum, a bachelor's degree and an engineering license from the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCES) for entry-level positions as electrical engineers.
Degree Types
Although a bachelor's degree is the minimum required education for an entry-level position, there are two year degrees that prepare students for careers as electrical engineering technicians or electronic engineering technicians. There are degrees available at both undergraduate and graduate levels; ABET accredits these programs and handles licensure.
Associate
These 2-year degree programs are often referred to as electrical engineering technology degrees. Some of these courses can transfer into higher-level degree programs. Graduates of these programs can go to work putting together or repairing electrical and electronic devices designed by electrical engineers.
Bachelor's
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reports that electrical engineers must have a bachelor's degree to qualify for entry-level positions. These programs typically include cooperative education and internships, as well as regular course work.
Master's
To work in research and development or to teach at the university level, you must have a master's in electrical engineering. Students can choose from a Master of Science in Electrical Engineering or a Master of Engineering degree. These 2-year degree programs differ in the amount of engineering courses you take. The Master of Engineering is a professional degree, while the Master of Science is not.
Doctoral
There are two doctoral degrees to consider: the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) in Engineering or the Doctor of Science in Engineering (Eng.Sc.D.). These programs differ in their requirements for residency, but the course requirements are typically the same. Most programs require a qualifying examination, a preliminary research examination, a dissertation and defense, and a final oral examination. Students typically have five years to complete a Ph.D. or Eng.Sc.D. Some programs allow individuals with undergraduate degrees in electrical engineering to go straight into a doctoral degree program. If a college or university offers both the Ph.D., and the Eng.Sc.D., students likely have to register with different schools or departments within the college or university.
Sample Courses
At the undergraduate level, courses cover topics like the workings and structure of devices and circuits, electrodynamics and fundamentals of engineering. Students typically complete design courses where they design electrical equipment and complete a cooperative education experience or internship as well.
At the master's level, students can expect to take courses in photonics, signals, systems and controls, devices and electromagnetics. Students are expected to complete research in a specialization within electrical engineering.
At the doctoral level, students must take courses in technical communication, attend a number of seminars, and complete several qualifying examinations. Courses in research help students to prepare and defend their dissertation.
Possible Specializations
At the undergraduate level, students in electrical engineering programs typically choose from specializations in wireless telecommunications, controls and signal processing, electric power and power electronics, analog mix-signal integrated circuit design and VLSI systems, electrophysics, optics, microwave and nano-engineering or biomedical imaging, nano-bio systems and genomic signal processing.
Graduate level specializations include analog circuit design, digital signal processing, semiconductor devices, wireless, power electronics VHDL/VLSI, embedded systems and communications.
Ideal Candidates for Electrical Engineering
Electrical engineers often work in offices as they create plans for different devices; they may also travel to work sites in order to see the part or product in action. These professionals do much of their work on computers, whether creating technical drawings or even topographical maps, according to O*Net Online. Electrical engineers may be in charge of other individuals during product design and construction phases.
The ideal candidate for a career in electrical engineering should be inquisitive and curious about how things work; they must be comfortable working with their hands and working on computers.
Career Pathways
The BLS forecasts five percent growth in the electrical engineering field between 2012 and 2022; this is slower than the overall growth predicted for all careers. During the decade, the agency predicts there could be an additional 7,900 positions created in the electrical engineering field.
Changes in technology happen rapidly, and as such, that speed will likely mean more electrical engineers will be needed over the years, to keep up. But the growth will likely come at engineering services firms, as engineering companies outsource duties to keep their own costs low.
In May 2012, electrical engineers earned an average of $87,920 annually, although the top 10 percent earned $136,690 and the lowest 10 percent earned an average of $56,490. Most worked in engineering services firms (20%), followed by electric power generation, transmission and distribution (9%), navigational, measuring, electromedical and control instruments manufacturing (9%), semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing (8%) and machinery manufacturing (5%).
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Journals
Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering
This Canadian publication publishes scientific research and information on the fields of electrical and computer engineering.
This open-access journal provides articles on a number of topics related to circuits and systems in electrical engineering.
Electrical engineers may find the original research and issue analysis in this publication interesting.
This publication is from the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia and includes reports on power, energy and electronics.
With an international editorial committee and expert reviewers from around the world, ETRI Journal publishes high-quality results on the latest and best developments from the global community.
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering
This is the official publication of the Institute of Advanced Engineering and Sciences; content comes from engineers around the world.
International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Published by the Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia, this journal includes papers from engineers around the world.
Journal of Electrical Engineering
This publication is produced by the faculty of electrical and power engineering at University "POLITEHNICA" in Timisoara, Romania.
Journal of Electrical Engineering
A publication of the Slovak University of Technology; published reports cover topics like power engineering, signal processing and electrophysics and electromagnetism.
The Open Electrical & Electronic Engineering Journal
From Bentham Open, an online journal, which publishes research articles, reviews, and letters in all areas of electrical and electronic engineering.
The Open Electrical & Electronic Engineering Journal
This open-access online journal includes reports on electrical engineering events and news as well as research by engineers.
Trade Magazines
The Electronic Engineering Times features papers, news and analysis in the field.
Grants
ASU Engineering Dean's Fellowship
Deadline: Varies
Award Amount: $27,500
At Arizona State University, the Engineering Dean's Fellowship is available to doctoral students.
IEEE Life Member Graduate Study Fellowship in Electrical Engineering
Deadline: November 15th
Award Amount: $10,000
This fellowship is for a first-year, full-time EE graduate student and could be renewed for a second year, depending on academic progress and status.
National GEM Consortium GEM Fellowship
Deadline: January 15th
Award Amount: $8,000
GEM offers fellowships for master's level and doctoral-level engineering students.
Scholarships
Anne Maureen Whitney Barrow Memorial Scholarship
Deadline: February 15th
Award Amount: $7,000
This scholarship is for women in an ABET accredited engineering or computer science degree program; applicants must not have received a prior scholarship through the Society of Women Engineers.
David F. Fox Memorial Scholarship in Electrical Engineering
Deadline: Varies
This scholarship is awarded to undergraduate electrical engineering students based on their level of need. Applicants must have attended and graduated from a Washington state high school.
Deadline: December 1st
Award Amount: $3,000
The undergraduate engineering scholarship is for full-time undergraduate pre-engineering or engineering majors. Mr. Hanson is the president of Gayner Engineers, a mechanical and electrical…
Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc Foundation Scholarship
Deadline: March 28th
Award Amount: Varies
This broad award from Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc. offers undergraduate resident and nonresident scholarships in electrical engineering and other engineering disciplines.
John W. Estey Outstanding Scholar Award
Deadline: June 30th
Award Amount: $6,000
The John W. Estey Outstanding Scholar Award gives student memberships in IEEE and IEEE PES chapters, as well as awards for school expenses and travel.
Deadline: April 1st
Award Amount: $1,000-$3,000
This scholarship is for SHPE members and are merit-based and need-based; students can be entering college, current undergraduates or graduate students.
Undergraduate Engineering Scholarship
Deadline: December 1st
Award Amount: $7,000
The PES Scholarships Plus Initiative awards scholarships for up to three years of study.
Bayer Electrical Engineering Internship
Deadline: Varies
Interns will work in the various divisions at Bayer and check drawings in and out of the PDM system and assist with testing.
Deadline: March 21st
In this internship, students will operate test instruments and distribute data products under the supervision of senior engineers.
Electrical Engineering Internship MarkWest Energy Partners
Deadline: January 31st
MarkWest Energy Partners interns will learn about the midstream energy sector during this experience; interns rotate through different divisions over the span of a summer.
Embedded Systems Electrical Engineering Internship
Deadline: Varies
Students will build equipment, draw schematics and manage documentation during their internship, which focuses on the overlap between systems engineering and electrical engineering.
Fluor-B&W Electrical Engineering Internship
Deadline: March 31st
Students in this program will develop contract terms, work on process improvement initiatives and perform field observations.
HP Electrical Engineering Internship
Deadline: Varies
Students will work with Hewlett-Packard engineers in research and development to evaluate the products. This is for third-year electrical engineering students.
Deadline: Varies
GE offers internships and cooperative experience for EE students worldwide.
TEVA Pharmaceuticals Internship
Deadline: Varies
Students in this internship will maintain databases and documents, participate in meetings for the Restart project and write protocols for testing of equipment.
Student Organizations
MIT's student chapter of EECS International provides opportunities for students to get involved in the overseas study of electrical engineering.
UCLA offers membership to juniors and seniors in the electrical engineering program; the society is over 100 years old.
PSU's student chapter of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers hosts a variety of events, from robotics competitions to professional prep events.
At the University of California Berkeley, Tau Beta Pi is the largest engineering honor society in the country. Students can access a variety of resources.
Professional Organizations
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers – USA
Part of the IEEE, this branch was created to protect the interests of and "implement programs specifically intended for" members in the US.
Institution of Engineering and Technology
IET offers career development opportunities, a wealth of resources, including archives and their own publication series, and a calendar full of seminars and lectures.
National Society of Black Engineers
The National Society of Black Engineers has more than 350 student and professional chapters. With many programs and forms of outreach, they are one of the most reputed professional societies with a…
National Society of Professional Engineers
With a body of over 35,000 members, NSPE lets engineers at all stages of their careers participate in networking and advocacy efforts.
The Society of Women Engineers supports the efforts of women across the engineering disciplines. SWE is responsible for a slew of scholarships, awards, events and student outreach.
Theta Tau-Theta Gamma Professional Engineering Fraternity
Theta Tau is a coed fraternity that helps students to prepare for engineering careers.